Open Access "Openness" Tools help authors, readers, editors and reviewers understand how "open" a journal is. Openness refers to the ways that authors and readers can make use of a work beyond just reading it. The possibilities are briefly described at the link The 5 R's of Open, below, from BC Campus Open Ed. How Open Is It?, provides a rubric on determining what types of openness there are for journals and within each category the range of open. The Open Access Spectrum Evaluation Tool applies that rubric to more than 1000 existing journals, providing a numerical ranking for each title. Both tools are described below.